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The removal of supra- and subgingival biofilm is the foundation of periodontal therapy, and the ultrasonic scaler has become the instrument of choice for much of this work. A mechanical tip vibrating at high frequency, energized by an oscillating water spray, disrupts the biofilm, chips away the ...

Teledentistry uses telecommunication technology to provide dental care at a distance, allowing the clinician to assess a patient, triage an emergency, plan a case, or monitor a course of treatment without a physical visit. The idea is not new, but the pandemic of 2020 accelerated its adoption and...

A white spot lesion is the earliest clinically visible stage of caries, a subsurface demineralization that still can be reversed if the environment of the mouth is changed. Remineralization restores mineral into the damaged enamel and is the treatment of choice before a lesion reaches the cavitat...

Photobiomodulation, once called low-level laser therapy, uses red or near-infrared light at doses that do not heat the tissue to modulate cellular activity and promote healing. In dentistry the therapy has moved from a curiosity to a documented adjunct for pain, inflammation, and wound recovery, ...

Repair of a periodontal defect closes the pocket but leaves a long junctional epithelium as a fragile scar, while true regeneration restores the cementum, periodontal ligament, and bone that the disease destroyed. Enamel matrix derivative, marketed as Emdogain, is a purified extract of developing...

Conventional implant site preparation removes bone with cutting drills that sacrifice the very tissue the implant relies on for stability. Osseodensification, introduced by Huwais and Meyer in 2017, reverses this logic by using a specially designed bur that compacts and densifies the bone walls o...

An implant overdenture is a removable prosthesis retained by two or more implants, and it converts the unstable conventional denture into a chewing platform that the patient trusts. Between the implant and the denture sits the attachment, the small mechanical or magnetic connector that holds the ...

The removal of biofilm is the oldest task in dentistry, yet conventional polishing with a rubber cup and paste still scrubs the surface, leaves the deep pockets untouched, and often produces a spray of aerosolized bacteria. Guided biofilm therapy changes this by first staining the biofilm so that...

Conventional caries excavation removes soft dentin with rotary burs and hand instruments, but it also removes sound tissue and often leaves the patient anxious and the clinician pressing with unnecessary force. Chemomechanical caries removal offers a gentler path: a chemical agent softens the inf...

Bell's palsy is an acute, usually unilateral paralysis of the facial nerve that is not caused by an identifiable tumor, trauma, or infection, and it presents to the dental team as a sudden inability to close the eye, smile, or raise the eyebrow on one side. Because the paralysis affects structure...